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References / sources

CJC-1295 references and citations

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a source below — peer-reviewed studies, a trial registry, and the FDA and WADA documents. PubMed, DOI and registry identifiers are included.

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Full source list

The CJC-1295 references below are the complete citation set for this digest. Each entry carries its PubMed identifier, DOI or registry number where one exists, so any claim on the site can be traced to its source. Peer-reviewed journal articles supply the pharmacokinetic and mechanistic findings; ClinicalTrials.gov documents the discontinued trial; and the FDA and WADA sources establish the regulatory standing. Where the public record is uncertain — as with the development-era patient death cited in connection with the halted DAC program — the citation is to the registry and the uncertainty is stated rather than resolved. See the full reference list entries beneath this section, and return to the human PK and pulsatility research for how each is used.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  4. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  5. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  6. ConjuChem Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity (Phase 2; discontinued). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00267527. 2006. ↗
  7. Modified GRF (1-29) - chemical and pharmacological description (tetrasubstituted, no-DAC GHRH(1-29); short-acting). Encyclopedic reference. 2024. ↗
  8. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone releasing factor [GRF(1-29)NH2] in normal men (short native half-life of synthetic GRF(1-29)). 1986. ↗
  9. PEGylation of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF) analogues (alternative half-life-extension strategy). Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003. ↗
  10. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology. 2002. ↗
  11. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues including CJC-1295 (immunogenicity and other safety concerns; not recommended for the 503A bulks list). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. ↗
  13. Renehan AG, et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. (IGF-1/cancer epidemiology context.) ↗
  14. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List - Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics (GHRH analogs including CJC-1295 prohibited at all times). WADA International Standard. 2025. ↗
  15. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗